Are Emotions Ethically Significant? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Are Emotions Ethically Significant? Introduction The ethical significance of the emotions is a potentially enormous and difficult topic. Some of the positions that can be maintained include: 1 No moral judgements (either positive or negative) can legitimately be made of emotions. 2 Emotions are subject to moral praise or blame in just the same way (or, analogous to the way) that acts are. 3 Emotions are subject to moral praise or blame, but in a very different way from acts. 4 Emotions are the primary carriers of value, while rationality is purely instrumental ('reason is a value-neutral technique'); therefore moral judgement should properly concern itself only with the emotions, their origins and effects. The issue The issue is ambiguously, and hence interestingly, stated by Brecht in Der Dreigroschenoper. Polly Peachum, who is trying unsuccessfully to resist the emotional and sensual spell of Macheath, sings the soulful "Barbara-Song", including in the first stanza the line "Ja, da muss man kalt und herzlos sein." [Indeed, one must be cold and heartless] (Note "man"; Polly here is trying to state a general truth, not (yet) directly applying it to herself.) Since we (and Macheath) know that he cares little about Polly in the way she would like to be cared for, can we say that Macheath's emotional attentions to her are unethical? Or not? On what basis? Two arguments that there is no ethical significance to the emotions Before proceeding to the analysis, we must consider two possible arguments against the thesis that emotional states are subject to any moral praise or blame at all. If they are not, then that is the end of the discussion, or rather, it is the beginning of a different discussion. I believe these arguments fail, but the reasons why each fails point the way to understanding why and in what way the emotions do have ethical significance. First argument The first argument is this: (a) An act (including failure to act) can be subject to moral praise or blame only to the extent that it directly or indirectly affects (harms or benefits) the agent himself, or a moral patient (up to and including Nature as a whole), or if the agent could reasonably (as a moral agent) have anticipated this effect. (b) However, by this definition the ethical significance of the act lies only in its actual or possible consequences, and in the intentions and beliefs held by or ascribed to the agent concerning them.

Lampara Multi-Purpose Cooperative (LMPC) Essay

I. INTRODUCTION: Lampara Multi-Purpose Cooperative (LMPC), registered with the Cooperative Development Authority on June 12, 2007 with Registration No. D-623-6240 has been organized to help people maximize their potentials to live a healthy, productive life and in the process become responsible members of Society. LMPC educates its members to earn and save the cooperative way. LMPC has recently sourced out an exclusive Systems Provider for healthy, nutritious and highly oxygenized Anti-Oxidant Pi Water originally researched and developed in Japan and enhanced in Korea. This newly structured Pi Water Systems Provider has upgraded its Pi Water System with US-made 16-stages Synergy machine that makes the Pi water an anti-oxidant water and with the German Technology oxygen-generating machine developed by the Department of Science and Technology. The Pi water produced by the system has been tested to have an even higher effect than any of the Pi Waters introduced in the Philippines to date due to its unique qualities and characteristics presented below. LMPC is now ready to distribute domestically and internationally the AQUAPORIN PI WATER SYSTEM equipped with the latest technology in Pi Water System. The investors in the Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Refilling Station will be assured of a profitable, unique, and healthy business venture. II. QUALITIES OF THE AQUAPORIN PI WATER: Aquaporin Pi Water has been synergized by the Bio-Nano technology to produce an even reduced water molecule clusters for greater absorption and interaction by the cells of the body, higher water-based mineral contents because of its mineral enhancer cartridge that produces a stable alkaline water with pH 7.8 on the meter, greater energy enhanced by its far infrared cartridges and higher oxygen content with its DOST-developed oxygen generating machine. It has been further powered by a Synergy machine that makes the water an anti-oxidant water. These qualities of the Aquaporin Pi Water will ensure that the water we drink is healthy, nutritious, energized and contains higher level of oxygen like no other. III. ADVANTAGES OF PURCHASING AN AQUAPORIN ANTIOXIDANT PI WATER REFILLING STATION: 1. The Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Water Refilling System aims to optimize return of investment employing the marketing strategies adopted by LMPC. Once established, the Aquaporin Pi Water Refilling Station (APWRS) becomes a branch of LMPC to serve as the center of operation and marketing service for its members. Page 1 2. The Systems’ flagship (Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Water’s) characteristics are: 3.1 It has the most minimal piping problems with 50 years warranty on parts. The materials used are guaranteed to survive ageing, cracking, breakage from pressure and bumps, and many more; 2.2 It employs commercial filtration and machineries in processing alkaline, mineralized and Synergized Bio-Nano Pi Waters that is capable of producing an anti-oxidant water; 2.3 It incorporates the latest technology called OPS or Oxygen Processing System that was  Department of Science and Technology (DOST) tested to have high beneficial health effect; 2.4 Its system-parts passed all standards for safe-drinking water; 2.5 Each system installed is registered in the Bureau of Health Devices and Technology (BHDT) of the Department of Health for system certification and validation of quality and functionality; 2.6 The system produces super fine water because of its nano-tech filters that renders water clusters smaller and full of energy; 2.7 The systems use the highest quality materials to ascertain quality production; 2.8 All system parts are brand new. Not a single part is reconditioned or second hand. These parts are not available cheap unless reconditioned. Beware of companies that offer very cheap systems; 2.9 System parts and labor has ONE (1) YEAR WARRANTY 2.10 Special technologies applied are exclusive and are not available in other systems; 2.11 The Aquaporin Pi Water business put up by the investor is not just a profit entity, rather, its business is banking on a mission to help share better health and MAKE A DIFFERENCE in the lives of people. 2.11 When the investor decides to put up the Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Refilling Station he is practically creating a niche in the market resolving any potential direct competition. 2 We offer maximum training of business standardization and operations to make sure that the Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Refilling Station (AAPWRS) owners are well equipped to operate, manage and run his business like a professional water refilling station operator. 3 Investor may opt to make his AAP Water Refilling Station fully automated and computerized with a minimal additional cost (see Feasibility Study/ROI attached); 4 The Systems Provider of APPWRS is composed of a team of professional engineers and exclusive contractors whose expertise comes from years of water treatment experiences aimed to GUARANTEE quality products, services and installations. IV. SERVICES TO ASSURE INVESTORS OF A â€Å"PROFITABLE, UNIQUE AND HEALTHY BUSINESS VENTURE†: 1. Consultancy and Planning (1 month Management Program) 1.1 Conduct a research and feasibility of the business in the specified area of operation; 2.2 Assist in the design of the Station renovation, engineering specifications, like floor plan, electrical plan, appearance and imaging, etc.; 2.3 Assist in business registrations, legal documentations of the company and accounting services; Page 2 2.4 Assist in the design of business concepts, logo, marketing materials, advertisements and other business forms; 2.5 Manage and teach the business for one month to make sure that all systems go smoothly and correctly. 2. Standardization: 2.1 Documentation of business operations; 3.6 Forms and compliances 3.7 Business software and programming 3. Training: 3.1 Technical training – operation of the system, maintenance, basic trouble Shooting proper handling of waters, etc.; 4.8 High standard operations and qality management 4.9 Basic bookkeeping, accounting and compliances 4.10 Sales and marketing strategies and operations 4.11 Quality assurance management 4.12 Manpower and hiring 4.13 Quality servicing and customer services management 4. 24/7 on-line helpdesk and assistance. V. APPWRS will be the LMPC BRANCHES AND SATELLITE OFFICES: The Aquaporin Anti-Oxidant Pi Water Station (APPWRS) shall become LMPC’s branches and/or satellite offices in the area. Only one (1) APPWRS will be established in a Municipality &/or District in big cities and Provinces. The LMPC program with its diversified sources of livelihood that are synergistically integrated to achieve a healthy, productive and responsible members of Society using the cooperative system of relationship will be implemented in all the areas of operation of APPWRS. VI. AQUAPORIN ANTI-OXIDANT PI-WATER SYSTEM COMPONENT: 1. The 3-in-1 Pi Filtration System – the complete Commercial Pi-producing Water System fully automated and computerized * Production machineries (cartridges and filters) to yield three (3) types of waters: (details of these machineries will be presented and discussed during the business meeting/s prior to signing of contract) * Oxygenated Ultra Fine Mineral Water * Oxygenated UF Sterilized Alkaline Synergized Water * Oxygenated UF Sterilized Bio-Nano Alkaline Antioxidant concentrated (Oz3) synergized Water. * High-end, Long-lasting Piping System * Initial Bottle Inventory Page 3 * Station Filling Equipment * Station Signage * 3-monthMaintenance Inventory * 1-month business management program * Down Payment for the cost of 1 unit of van for delivery. * Assistance in all aspects of services defined in Item IV. * Fully Automated filter-change indicator and computerized cleaning system * And many more . . . 2. 3-in-1 Pi Filtration System – the Standard Commercial Computerized Pi-producing Water System. * Production machineries (cartridges and filters) to yield three (3) types of waters: (details of these machineries will be presented and discussed during the business meeting/s prior to signing of contract) * Oxygenated Ultra Fine Mineral Water * Oxygenated UF Sterilized Alkaline Synergized Water * Oxygenated UF Sterilized Bio-Nano Alkaline Antioxidant concentrated (Oz3) synergized Water. * Fully Automated filter-change indicator * High-end, Long-lasting Piping System * Initial Bottle Inventory * Station Filling Equipment * Station Signage * 3-monthMaintenance Inventory * 1-month business management program * Down Payment for the cost of 1 unit of FB van for delivery. * Assistance in all aspects of services defined in Item IV. * And many more . . . 3. Basic Home Pi Filtration System which may be used for personal and home  purposes producing 2 types of waters (details to be presented and discussed during the business meeting/s prior to signing of contract for the APWRS) – this Personal Unit Aquaporin Pi Water System will exclusively be distributed by the APWRS. * Production machineries (cartridges and filters) to yield two (2) types of waters: * Super Fine Mineral Water * Highly Oxygenized UF Sterilized Alkaline Synergized Pi Water * High-end, Long-lasting Piping System * Assistance in all aspects of services defined in Item IV. Page 4 * 24/7 on-line helpdesk and assistance * Basic Pi Filtration System owners may opt to become satellite servicing office for LMPC * And many more . . . VII. PRICES 1. Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Water Refilling Station with the 3-in-1 Complete Fully Automated and Computerized commercial Pi Filtration System with components described in Item VI-1 and services stated in Item V, costs ONE MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P1,750,000.00) only, exclusive of site/location renovation/construction and 12% VAT. 2. Aquaporin Antioxidant Water Refilling Station with the 3-in-1 Pi Filtration standard commercial Pi-producing Water System with components described in Item VI-2 and services stated in Item V, costs ONE MILLION SIX HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND PESOS (P1,650,000.00) only; 3. Aquaporin Basic Home Pi Filtration System for personal or home use with the 2-in-1 Pi Filtration System and with components described in VI-2 would cost ONE HUNDRED TWENTY THOUSAND PESOS (P120,000.00). VIII. INSTALLATION: 1. Investor must have signed the Memorandum of Agreement for the Installation of the machines at the site or location of the business and payment of at least THIRTY PERCENT (30%) of the total contract price; 2. Water sample taken from the site/location of the Station must be submitted for analysis and potability; 3. Prior to installation, the site/location of the Station would have been inspected by an engineer from the Systems Provider. 4. One (1) week before the date of Installation, additional TWENTY PERCENT (20%) of total contract price must be remitted to LMPC, another TWENTY PERCENT (20%) upon installation and full payment within one (1) month after installation. 5. Faà §ade of the Aquaporin Antioxidant Pi Water Refilling Station must conform with standard appearance prescribed by the Systems provider.

Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Essay

India is a vast country known for its diversified culture and traditions. The unique characteristic of India is its â€Å"unity in diversity†. In India Relationships and feeling plays a larger role in decisions. Indians tend to take larger risks with a person whose intentions they trust. Thus, one’s credibility and trustworthiness are critical in negotiating a deal. Indians are ‘polychronic’ people, ie they tend to deal with more than one task at the same time. Indians are cautious in accepting a new idea or proposals. The information about who has implemented it or who has proposed it has a major influence on the decision about a new idea. One of the most significant culture influences on Indian culture is that of hierarchy. For example, only the owner or the most superior person of a company will make business decision. Even if you are dealing with a manager, they will always go to the boss for a final decision. Hofstede’s Research on National culture: Power Distance (77): Power Distance describes how a society deals with the inequalities in power that exists among people. Societies characterized by high power distance are relatively indifferent to inequalities and the gap between powerful and weak is maximum. By contrast, in societies with low power distance the gaps between the powerful and weak are minimal. In India most of the people belongs to the middle class category. So the upper category people control most of the decision making and buying power. In Organizations, the degree of centralization of authority and autocratic leadership determines power distance. The social structure of organizations in India is based on superior – subordinate relationship. Once the hierarchy is establishes, juniors yield to seniors on every conceivable occasion. For example, they standup when the boss enters the office, speak humbly and politely. India has to change a lot in this dimension. Even though they are many politicians caught in scams like 2G scams, still they are not arrested beacuse of there power and corruption. I wish India will become a low power distance country very soon. Individualism/Collectivism (48): This dimension is based on the extent to which individuals value personal independence or group membership. Individualist culture values personal goals, independence and privacy. Collectivist culture is showing the loyalty to groups. Members of the collectivist society are expected to subordinate their individual interests for the benefit of their in- groups ie, family or organization. Hofstede classified India as dominant on the collectivism dimension. In Organizations, people work as a team rather than individual. Employees are seen as hard working, as loyal to the company and highly motivated to do new things. Masculinity/Femininity (56): Masculine cultures tend to value competitiveness, ambitions and accumulation of wealth. Feminine cultures emphasize nurturing roles, interdependence among people and taking care of less fortune people. Indians are more focused on career and earning money as well as they takes care for others. In workplace employees help each other’s instead of emphasize their work. Hofstede classified India as Masculinity country. However, the culture in organizations is more feminine. That means there is a slight preference for achievements and material success. Uncertainty Avoidance (40): The extent to which people can tolerate risk and uncertainty in their lives. People in India do not accept or deal with ambiguous or risky situations. Recently, with the raise of literacy rate among the people, some section of the people is taking risk by engaging in entrepreneurial activities without thinking about the job security. Gradually people will adapt or encourage new innovations and accept the different approaches in dealing with the situation. Long-term/Short-term orientation (61): It denotes the degree to which people and organizations defer gratification to achieve long-term success. In India people and organization with a long-term orientation culture tend to take the long view to planning and living. With this long-term orientation India has experienced a remarkable economic growth while most of the western countries experienced an economical downfall. Indulgence/Restraint: Indulgence denotes the society that allows the free expression of thoughts and allows the gratification of needs related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint denotes the regulation of the gratification of needs by means of strict rules or norms. In India everyone has a right to express and live freely as they like. In organizations even though employees can express their ideas or thoughts they have to be approved by top level people to bring them in to action.

Free Essays on Developing A Business Website

Developing a Business Website As the Internet continues to expand, it is becoming increasingly clear that businesses need to consider designing a website. There are several decisions that need to be made in this process some of which are: outsource or utilize in-house design what features to charge customers for what functionalities do customers prefer what e-marketing strategies to use to market the website One of the most important considerations that need to be made is the fine balance that exists between the technologies you offer your clients and how much of your resources should be committed to this technology. It wasn't long ago you that had to hire a web design company to develop Web pages for your business. With the advent of Microsoft Front Page and other easy-to-use Web page editors, it is possible for many organizations to design their own site with limited assistance. Many small- to medium-sized businesses are seriously weighing whether they ought to prepare their company's Web pages in-house. Considering that a substantial human resource investment must be made to hire the appropriate employees (e.g., system administrator, maintenance programmer, copywriter/editor, designer, webmaster) the issues involved with in-house design must be taken into account. Here are some of the issues: Possible In-House Advantages: Money savings Knowledge increase stays with the company Greater control over the final product Ease in updating Possible In-House Disadvantages Can't afford key people to produce the level of excellence needed. Don't have in-house graphics expertise or tools. Can't spare key people to develop Internet marketing strategy without outside help. The new software tools are deceptively simple. It is easier to do a good job, but nearly impossible to do an excellent job. The illusion remains that the program can compensate for the user's inexperience. W... Free Essays on Developing A Business Website Free Essays on Developing A Business Website Developing a Business Website As the Internet continues to expand, it is becoming increasingly clear that businesses need to consider designing a website. There are several decisions that need to be made in this process some of which are: outsource or utilize in-house design what features to charge customers for what functionalities do customers prefer what e-marketing strategies to use to market the website One of the most important considerations that need to be made is the fine balance that exists between the technologies you offer your clients and how much of your resources should be committed to this technology. It wasn't long ago you that had to hire a web design company to develop Web pages for your business. With the advent of Microsoft Front Page and other easy-to-use Web page editors, it is possible for many organizations to design their own site with limited assistance. Many small- to medium-sized businesses are seriously weighing whether they ought to prepare their company's Web pages in-house. Considering that a substantial human resource investment must be made to hire the appropriate employees (e.g., system administrator, maintenance programmer, copywriter/editor, designer, webmaster) the issues involved with in-house design must be taken into account. Here are some of the issues: Possible In-House Advantages: Money savings Knowledge increase stays with the company Greater control over the final product Ease in updating Possible In-House Disadvantages Can't afford key people to produce the level of excellence needed. Don't have in-house graphics expertise or tools. Can't spare key people to develop Internet marketing strategy without outside help. The new software tools are deceptively simple. It is easier to do a good job, but nearly impossible to do an excellent job. The illusion remains that the program can compensate for the user's inexperience. W...

Terri schiavo essays

Terri schiavo essays Terri Schiavo. When this name is said, everyone knows who we are talking about. Everyone relives the tragic case of this 41 year old Florida women who sat in a persistent vegetated state for over a decade. When Terri was 26 years old, she suffered from heart failure. Doctors say that this happened because she had an eating disorder, and it caused a lack of oxygen flow to her brain. Throughout the years, there were may court appeals and hearings about who should be the legal guardian of Schiavo. The two opposing sides, Michael Schiavo, Terris husband, and Bob and Mary Schindler, her parents, fought against each other for a while before Michael finally won the case. But who really should have had the final say on Terris life? In February of 1990, Terri Schiavo collapsed in her home of heart failure. After that, everything seemed to be doing fine. Terri moved in with Michael, and they continued on with her rehabilitation process. But then in 1993, some suspicious occurrences started happening. It all started in February. Michael denied Terris rehabilitation treatments. Then later on that same month, Michael started withholding Terris medical information. So put this into your own perspective. If your daughter married someone, the had heart failure, dont you think that if her husband was not telling you the whole story on how she was doing, something was wrong. Wouldnt you want to fight back, just to know the truth? And that is exactly what Mr. and Mrs. Schindler did. In the later half of February, Mr. Schiavo posted a Do Not Resuscitate order on Terris medical chart. After All of the little arguments that Michael had with Bob and Mary about how he cared about Terri and only wanted the best for her. If he wanted the best for her, then why would he want her to die. Would you rather stay alive and die of natural causes, or to have yo ...

Materila Failure and Embodied Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Materila Failure and Embodied Energy - Essay Example Source: Embodied energy in house construction, Energy Efficiency, 2006 Embodied Energy There are 18 criteria laid out in the Green Book that form the basis of ways to reduce carbon emissions. This book serves an effective control in helping construction companies identify the materials that have a high percentage of embodied energy contained in them. This helps in constructing the buildings with low carbon content hence lower embodied energy. Embodied energy can be defined as the total amount of energy that is required to construct buildings using materials like cement, aluminium and steel. Total energy that is defined in this context means the sum total of all energy that would be required to build the material, transport it to the site and also the energy that would be used in construction purpose. (Lucuik Mark, 2007) To elaborate further a company engaged in construction activities in Kuwait might source these construction bricks from China. Therefore the embodied energy of this b rick would include the energy used in brick construction in China, transportation energy from China to Kuwait and ultimately the energy used to lay the brick and constructing it in Kuwait. It would also involve the additional energy that would be further required to process the bricks at the site to enable it in laying. Thus all the energy that is used in machines engaged in excavation and shoring out raw materials, to the energy that is required by the human personnel in construction of the building at site go into the summation of energy of the product which is defined as its embodied energy. (Lane Thomas, 2010) Source: Embodied environmental effects results comparisons: single family home, Lucuik mark, 2007 Source: Embodied environmental effects results comparisons: high rise, Lucuik mark, 2007 Measure of Embodied Carbon There are a number of tools that are available in the market which enables one to assess the percentage of embodied carbon in different buildings. Sturgis Associ ates use a tool lnown as RICS to gauge the embodied carbon of different types of buildings engaged in operations of different nature like store house, work shop facility and supermarkets. The embodied carbon content of a storage warehouse exists in the range of 60% while a supermarket which is always lit up with snazzy lights to attract customers has an embodied carbon of 20%. A normal household is a mix of these two types of buildings and has an embodied carbon content of 30%. Another factor that defines the calculations used in RICS includes the life cycle or the total life of the building. These may vary from 25 to 80 years. (Lane Thomas, 2010) Therefore apart from the kind of construction, the total life span of the building structure all go into accounting the embodied carbon efficiency of materials. Measuring the carbon footprint of a building is a twofold process. It involves calculating the energy that is required in constructing the building and also adding the embodied ene rgy of the materials that are replaced over a period of time during the building lifecycle. Apart from the RICS there are a number of software’s available in the market capable of predicting the embodied energy of the construction materials used in buildings. Apart from this energy the operating energy that would also go into the

How did the printing press affect the Reformation Essay

How did the printing press affect the Reformation - Essay Example The printing press helped in the spread of new ideas and doctrines that were available to the public in such a different way which was never experienced before. The printing press was invented around 1450 and it rapidly spread to other big cities in Europe according to Arman, Bird and Wilkinson (163). As reformation activities came to stabilize themselves, about two hundred printing centers were already established in the major cities of Europe. The printing centers were used as main producers of the works of reformation by Protestants. For instance Martin Luther was among those who first recognized the power behind printing in mobilizing ground support for reforms. The printing press took two major directions in reformation process. One of the directions was the printing of many secular books which had a profound impact in science. Thus there were major reforms in scientific work as a result of the printing press. Scientists were able to print and share their works with other scient ists in various parts of Europe. The scientists could also have accuracy in their works which enhanced individual knowledge as well as understanding. The growth in scientific reforms resulting from the effects of the printing press led to the scientific revolutions. This later changed the way the Europeans perceived the world and the universe at large. The second direction of the printing press reformation was the way it took copying of books from the church. This way, it made it almost impossible for the church to control most of the written works as it did before. This was due to the large number of books that could be printed at a fraction of cost in a day. Thus it can be claimed that disunity which faced the European religious believes during the protestant reformation was driven by the rapid growth of the printing press. Martin Luther was successful in reformation activities as he was familiar with the use and effect of printing press. This way he was able to overcome other wri ters such as Hussites in reformation works. Reformation was considered as the first move of recovering the Lord that was aided by the effects of the printing press. Luther’s success in reformation works was also aided by the fact by the time he was born; printing had already established itself in Europe. Printing press was important to Luther reforms because of two factors. He had technical equipment which could print in large volumes and different styles. He was also capable of printing content that attracted the reader. Most of the Luther’s printed work circulated faster in Wittenberg which was a powerful center during the reformation period. Luther had three famous reformation works in Germany as a result of his effectiveness in printing press. These works included Appeal to the German Nobility, The New Testament translation as well as the Christian freedom works. The New Testament translation which was a driving force for the protestant reformation was the most pop ular among the works of Luther. He used a different style in writing the New Testament and a new language. He translated it into common man language; therefore people could read the bible and translate it for themselves. This followed the protestant reformations due to the different translations of the bible. The establishment of protestant